What do people with a degree in I/O Psychology and Human Resources start off doing?

(Industrial-Organizational Psychology)

I know they can do consulting and research, but in what type of positions exactly? For any type of company, or...?

One can start off thinking that one knows everything there is to learn and go on blundering one's way through life, or apply to existing Practitioners or Industrial Houses for an Apprentice's position and spend at least two years gaining the essential Hands on learning, as distinct from Text Book theory. Thet spell would teach you how thorough the Scholastic training is to do the Actual work. Perhaps that realisation will make you a life long student of the intricacies of your profession. Then you will be ready to take up an independent job or Practice as an Industrial Psychologist/ Counselor in Large Factories or as Consultant to them